This is the most critical and frequently mentioned advanced application, utilizing TPMS to optimize fluid dynamics and heat exchange. 

●Core Structure : 

Uses Gyroid, or Diamond lattice structures to fill flow channels. 

●Performance Advantage : 

Provides massive Surface Area compared to traditional channels, pushing pure copper wall thickness down to 0.2mm.

●Efficiency Boost : 

Heat transfer performance improves by approximately 28% under the same pumping power, with significantly reduced flow resistance. 

●Manufacturing : 

Monolithic printing eliminates brazing and removes leakage risks.

●Challenge: Refractory metals like Tungsten are extremely difficult to process due to their high melting point (≥3000°C). IR lasers struggle to print fine, thin-walled grid structures without causing cracks or unstable fusion. 

●Solution: Utilizing Addireenʼs Green Laser PBF technology, which enhances energy absorption for refractory metals. This allows for the direct, integrated manufacturing of complex grid geometries without the need for assembly. 

●Result: Successfully achieved micron-level precision with a minimum wall thickness of ~80 µm. The printed grids exhibit high forming stability and structural integrity, breaking the limits of conventional manufacturing.

Designed to minimize pressure drop and fluid resistance using hydrodynamic optimization. 

●Core Design : Features an array of teardrop-shaped pin fins. 

●Fluid Dynamics : Compared to cylindrical pins, the teardrop shape significantly reduces fluid flow separation and turbulence, leading to a much lower pressure drop. 

●Efficiency: Maintains high heat transfer efficiency while allowing for lower pumping power or higher flow rates.

Designed for high-frequency heating systems, eliminating the weak points of traditional brazed assemblies. 

Background: Traditional coils are manufactured by bending copper tubes and brazing them manually. These brazing joints are prone to water leakage and fatigue failure under thermal stress. 

Design Optimization: 

●One-Piece Construction: Printed as a single monolithic unit using Green Laser PBF, completely eliminating welding seams. 

●Material: Pure Copper with 101% IACS electrical conductivity. 

●Conformal Cooling: Internal water channels are designed to follow the coilʼs curvature perfectly. 

Results: Service life extended significantly due to higher structural rigidity.